The major scale has seven modes, each of which starts on a different note of the scale but uses the same set of pitches. These modes are named after ancient Greek tribes and each has its own unique sound and character. Here’s a breakdown of the modes of the major scale:
1. Ionian (Major Scale)
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Pattern: Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half
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Degree: 1st mode
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Example: C Ionian (C, D, E, F, G, A, B, C)
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Sound: Bright, happy, and stable.
2. Dorian
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Pattern: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole
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Degree: 2nd mode
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Example: D Dorian (D, E, F, G, A, B, C, D)
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Sound: Minor with a raised 6th, giving it a slightly brighter, jazzy feel.
3. Phrygian
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Pattern: Half, Whole, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole
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Degree: 3rd mode
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Example: E Phrygian (E, F, G, A, B, C, D, E)
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Sound: Dark, tense, and exotic, often used in flamenco and metal music.
4. Lydian
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Pattern: Whole, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half
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Degree: 4th mode
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Example: F Lydian (F, G, A, B, C, D, E, F)
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Sound: Bright and dreamy, due to the raised 4th, often used in film music and jazz.
5. Mixolydian
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Pattern: Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole
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Degree: 5th mode
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Example: G Mixolydian (G, A, B, C, D, E, F, G)
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Sound: Major but with a bluesy edge due to the flat 7th, common in rock and blues.
6. Aeolian (Natural Minor Scale)
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Pattern: Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole
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Degree: 6th mode
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Example: A Aeolian (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, A)
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Sound: Dark and somber, the natural minor scale is a go-to for expressing melancholy.
7. Locrian
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Pattern: Half, Whole, Whole, Half, Whole, Whole, Whole
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Degree: 7th mode
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Example: B Locrian (B, C, D, E, F, G, A, B)
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Sound: Highly unstable and dissonant, often used to create tension, particularly over diminished chords.
Summary
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Ionian: Bright and stable (major scale).
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Dorian: Minor with a bright twist.
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Phrygian: Dark and exotic.
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Lydian: Bright and otherworldly.
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Mixolydian: Major with a bluesy feel.
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Aeolian: Dark and somber (natural minor scale).
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Locrian: Dissonant and unstable.
These modes offer a variety of tonal flavors and can be used to evoke different emotions and atmospheres in music.